[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1726},["ShallowReactive",2],{"guide-scientific-notation-guide":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"date":1718,"description":1719,"extension":1720,"meta":1721,"navigation":219,"path":1722,"readingTime":240,"seo":1723,"stem":1724,"__hash__":1725},"guides\u002Fguides\u002Fscientific-notation-guide.md","Scientific Notation and Unit Prefixes: A Complete Reference",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1673},"minimark",[9,14,18,21,25,30,33,44,47,63,67,145,149,152,158,162,166,172,176,187,267,271,274,278,650,654,757,761,764,795,799,802,806,809,813,935,939,1015,1019,1045,1049,1052,1056,1059,1062,1134,1138,1141,1215,1219,1348,1352,1396,1400,1448,1452,1551,1555,1559,1562,1577,1581,1584,1594,1598,1601,1614,1618,1621,1632,1636,1640,1646,1650,1656,1660,1669],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"introduction","Introduction",[15,16,17],"p",{},"Scientific notation is the standard way to express very large or very small numbers concisely. Combined with unit prefixes, it forms the foundation of measurement in science, engineering, and computing.",[15,19,20],{},"This guide covers scientific notation syntax, SI prefixes, binary prefixes for computing, engineering notation, and how these concepts appear in programming languages.",[10,22,24],{"id":23},"scientific-notation-basics","Scientific Notation Basics",[26,27,29],"h3",{"id":28},"what-is-scientific-notation","What is Scientific Notation?",[15,31,32],{},"Scientific notation expresses numbers as a product of a coefficient and a power of 10:",[34,35,40],"pre",{"className":36,"code":38,"language":39},[37],"language-text","a × 10ⁿ\n","text",[41,42,38],"code",{"__ignoreMap":43},"",[15,45,46],{},"Where:",[48,49,50,57],"ul",{},[51,52,53,56],"li",{},[41,54,55],{},"a"," is the coefficient (1 ≤ |a| \u003C 10, typically)",[51,58,59,62],{},[41,60,61],{},"n"," is the exponent (integer)",[26,64,66],{"id":65},"examples","Examples",[68,69,70,86],"table",{},[71,72,73],"thead",{},[74,75,76,80,83],"tr",{},[77,78,79],"th",{},"Standard Form",[77,81,82],{},"Scientific Notation",[77,84,85],{},"Spoken As",[87,88,89,101,112,123,134],"tbody",{},[74,90,91,95,98],{},[92,93,94],"td",{},"300",[92,96,97],{},"3 × 10²",[92,99,100],{},"\"three times ten squared\"",[74,102,103,106,109],{},[92,104,105],{},"5,000",[92,107,108],{},"5 × 10³",[92,110,111],{},"\"five times ten cubed\"",[74,113,114,117,120],{},[92,115,116],{},"0.004",[92,118,119],{},"4 × 10⁻³",[92,121,122],{},"\"four times ten to the negative three\"",[74,124,125,128,131],{},[92,126,127],{},"123,000,000",[92,129,130],{},"1.23 × 10⁸",[92,132,133],{},"\"one point two three times ten to the eighth\"",[74,135,136,139,142],{},[92,137,138],{},"0.000000789",[92,140,141],{},"7.89 × 10⁻⁷",[92,143,144],{},"\"seven point eight nine times ten to the negative seventh\"",[26,146,148],{"id":147},"normalized-scientific-notation","Normalized Scientific Notation",[15,150,151],{},"In normalized form, the coefficient is between 1 and 10 (1 ≤ |a| \u003C 10):",[34,153,156],{"className":154,"code":155,"language":39},[37],"Correct:   3.45 × 10⁶\nIncorrect: 34.5 × 10⁵  (not normalized)\nIncorrect: 0.345 × 10⁷ (not normalized)\n",[41,157,155],{"__ignoreMap":43},[10,159,161],{"id":160},"writing-scientific-notation","Writing Scientific Notation",[26,163,165],{"id":164},"in-mathematics-and-science","In Mathematics and Science",[34,167,170],{"className":168,"code":169,"language":39},[37],"3.0 × 10⁸  (using multiplication symbol and superscript)\n3.0e8      (using \"e\" notation, common in computing)\n3.0E8      (capital E, equivalent)\n3 × 10^8   (using caret for exponent)\n",[41,171,169],{"__ignoreMap":43},[26,173,175],{"id":174},"in-computing-programming-languages","In Computing (Programming Languages)",[15,177,178,179,182,183,186],{},"Most programming languages use ",[41,180,181],{},"e"," or ",[41,184,185],{},"E"," to denote the exponent:",[34,188,192],{"className":189,"code":190,"language":191,"meta":43,"style":43},"language-python shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","# Python\nspeed_of_light = 3.0e8  # 3.0 × 10⁸\nplanck_constant = 6.626e-34  # 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴\n\n# JavaScript\nconst avogadro = 6.022e23;\n\n\u002F\u002F Java\ndouble electronCharge = 1.602e-19;\n\n\u002F\u002F C\u002FC++\nfloat massElectron = 9.109e-31;\n","python",[41,193,194,202,208,214,221,227,233,238,244,250,255,261],{"__ignoreMap":43},[195,196,199],"span",{"class":197,"line":198},"line",1,[195,200,201],{},"# Python\n",[195,203,205],{"class":197,"line":204},2,[195,206,207],{},"speed_of_light = 3.0e8  # 3.0 × 10⁸\n",[195,209,211],{"class":197,"line":210},3,[195,212,213],{},"planck_constant = 6.626e-34  # 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴\n",[195,215,217],{"class":197,"line":216},4,[195,218,220],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":219},true,"\n",[195,222,224],{"class":197,"line":223},5,[195,225,226],{},"# JavaScript\n",[195,228,230],{"class":197,"line":229},6,[195,231,232],{},"const avogadro = 6.022e23;\n",[195,234,236],{"class":197,"line":235},7,[195,237,220],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":219},[195,239,241],{"class":197,"line":240},8,[195,242,243],{},"\u002F\u002F Java\n",[195,245,247],{"class":197,"line":246},9,[195,248,249],{},"double electronCharge = 1.602e-19;\n",[195,251,253],{"class":197,"line":252},10,[195,254,220],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":219},[195,256,258],{"class":197,"line":257},11,[195,259,260],{},"\u002F\u002F C\u002FC++\n",[195,262,264],{"class":197,"line":263},12,[195,265,266],{},"float massElectron = 9.109e-31;\n",[10,268,270],{"id":269},"si-prefixes-metric-system","SI Prefixes (Metric System)",[15,272,273],{},"SI (Système International) prefixes represent powers of 10 and are used with metric units.",[26,275,277],{"id":276},"standard-si-prefixes","Standard SI Prefixes",[68,279,280,299],{},[71,281,282],{},[74,283,284,287,290,293,296],{},[77,285,286],{},"Prefix",[77,288,289],{},"Symbol",[77,291,292],{},"Power of 10",[77,294,295],{},"Decimal",[77,297,298],{},"Example",[87,300,301,318,335,351,368,385,402,419,436,453,470,485,502,519,536,553,569,585,602,618,634],{},[74,302,303,306,309,312,315],{},[92,304,305],{},"yotta",[92,307,308],{},"Y",[92,310,311],{},"10²⁴",[92,313,314],{},"1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000",[92,316,317],{},"YB (yottabyte)",[74,319,320,323,326,329,332],{},[92,321,322],{},"zetta",[92,324,325],{},"Z",[92,327,328],{},"10²¹",[92,330,331],{},"1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000",[92,333,334],{},"ZB (zettabyte)",[74,336,337,340,342,345,348],{},[92,338,339],{},"exa",[92,341,185],{},[92,343,344],{},"10¹⁸",[92,346,347],{},"1,000,000,000,000,000,000",[92,349,350],{},"EB (exabyte)",[74,352,353,356,359,362,365],{},[92,354,355],{},"peta",[92,357,358],{},"P",[92,360,361],{},"10¹⁵",[92,363,364],{},"1,000,000,000,000,000",[92,366,367],{},"PB (petabyte)",[74,369,370,373,376,379,382],{},[92,371,372],{},"tera",[92,374,375],{},"T",[92,377,378],{},"10¹²",[92,380,381],{},"1,000,000,000,000",[92,383,384],{},"TB (terabyte)",[74,386,387,390,393,396,399],{},[92,388,389],{},"giga",[92,391,392],{},"G",[92,394,395],{},"10⁹",[92,397,398],{},"1,000,000,000",[92,400,401],{},"GHz (gigahertz)",[74,403,404,407,410,413,416],{},[92,405,406],{},"mega",[92,408,409],{},"M",[92,411,412],{},"10⁶",[92,414,415],{},"1,000,000",[92,417,418],{},"MW (megawatt)",[74,420,421,424,427,430,433],{},[92,422,423],{},"kilo",[92,425,426],{},"k",[92,428,429],{},"10³",[92,431,432],{},"1,000",[92,434,435],{},"km (kilometer)",[74,437,438,441,444,447,450],{},[92,439,440],{},"hecto",[92,442,443],{},"h",[92,445,446],{},"10²",[92,448,449],{},"100",[92,451,452],{},"hPa (hectopascal)",[74,454,455,458,461,464,467],{},[92,456,457],{},"deca",[92,459,460],{},"da",[92,462,463],{},"10¹",[92,465,466],{},"10",[92,468,469],{},"dag (decagram)",[74,471,472,475,477,480,483],{},[92,473,474],{},"—",[92,476,474],{},[92,478,479],{},"10⁰",[92,481,482],{},"1",[92,484,474],{},[74,486,487,490,493,496,499],{},[92,488,489],{},"deci",[92,491,492],{},"d",[92,494,495],{},"10⁻¹",[92,497,498],{},"0.1",[92,500,501],{},"dB (decibel, special)",[74,503,504,507,510,513,516],{},[92,505,506],{},"centi",[92,508,509],{},"c",[92,511,512],{},"10⁻²",[92,514,515],{},"0.01",[92,517,518],{},"cm (centimeter)",[74,520,521,524,527,530,533],{},[92,522,523],{},"milli",[92,525,526],{},"m",[92,528,529],{},"10⁻³",[92,531,532],{},"0.001",[92,534,535],{},"mm (millimeter)",[74,537,538,541,544,547,550],{},[92,539,540],{},"micro",[92,542,543],{},"μ",[92,545,546],{},"10⁻⁶",[92,548,549],{},"0.000001",[92,551,552],{},"μm (micrometer)",[74,554,555,558,560,563,566],{},[92,556,557],{},"nano",[92,559,61],{},[92,561,562],{},"10⁻⁹",[92,564,565],{},"0.000000001",[92,567,568],{},"nm (nanometer)",[74,570,571,574,576,579,582],{},[92,572,573],{},"pico",[92,575,15],{},[92,577,578],{},"10⁻¹²",[92,580,581],{},"0.000000000001",[92,583,584],{},"ps (picosecond)",[74,586,587,590,593,596,599],{},[92,588,589],{},"femto",[92,591,592],{},"f",[92,594,595],{},"10⁻¹⁵",[92,597,598],{},"0.000000000000001",[92,600,601],{},"fs (femtosecond)",[74,603,604,607,609,612,615],{},[92,605,606],{},"atto",[92,608,55],{},[92,610,611],{},"10⁻¹⁸",[92,613,614],{},"0.000000000000000001",[92,616,617],{},"as (attosecond)",[74,619,620,623,626,629,631],{},[92,621,622],{},"zepto",[92,624,625],{},"z",[92,627,628],{},"10⁻²¹",[92,630,628],{},[92,632,633],{},"zs (zeptosecond)",[74,635,636,639,642,645,647],{},[92,637,638],{},"yocto",[92,640,641],{},"y",[92,643,644],{},"10⁻²⁴",[92,646,644],{},[92,648,649],{},"ys (yoctosecond)",[26,651,653],{"id":652},"commonly-used-si-prefixes-in-computing","Commonly Used SI Prefixes in Computing",[68,655,656,670],{},[71,657,658],{},[74,659,660,662,664,667],{},[77,661,286],{},[77,663,289],{},[77,665,666],{},"Value",[77,668,669],{},"Typical Use",[87,671,672,683,694,705,715,725,736,747],{},[74,673,674,676,678,680],{},[92,675,423],{},[92,677,426],{},[92,679,429],{},[92,681,682],{},"kHz, kB (kilobyte, 1000 bytes)",[74,684,685,687,689,691],{},[92,686,406],{},[92,688,409],{},[92,690,412],{},[92,692,693],{},"MHz, MB (megabyte, 10⁶ bytes)",[74,695,696,698,700,702],{},[92,697,389],{},[92,699,392],{},[92,701,395],{},[92,703,704],{},"GHz, GB (gigabyte, 10⁹ bytes)",[74,706,707,709,711,713],{},[92,708,372],{},[92,710,375],{},[92,712,378],{},[92,714,384],{},[74,716,717,719,721,723],{},[92,718,355],{},[92,720,358],{},[92,722,361],{},[92,724,367],{},[74,726,727,729,731,733],{},[92,728,540],{},[92,730,543],{},[92,732,546],{},[92,734,735],{},"μs (microsecond)",[74,737,738,740,742,744],{},[92,739,557],{},[92,741,61],{},[92,743,562],{},[92,745,746],{},"ns (nanosecond)",[74,748,749,751,753,755],{},[92,750,573],{},[92,752,15],{},[92,754,578],{},[92,756,584],{},[26,758,760],{"id":759},"writing-the-micro-symbol-μ","Writing the Micro Symbol (μ)",[15,762,763],{},"The micro symbol can be challenging to type. Alternatives:",[48,765,766,772,779,782,788],{},[51,767,768,769],{},"Copy-paste: ",[770,771,543],"strong",{},[51,773,774,775,778],{},"HTML entity: ",[41,776,777],{},"μ"," → μ",[51,780,781],{},"Unicode: U+00B5",[51,783,784,785],{},"LaTeX: ",[41,786,787],{},"\\mu",[51,789,790,791,794],{},"In plain text, \"u\" is sometimes used: ",[41,792,793],{},"um"," for micrometer",[10,796,798],{"id":797},"binary-prefixes-computing","Binary Prefixes (Computing)",[15,800,801],{},"Binary prefixes are based on powers of 2, not 10. They're used in computing where memory and storage are addressed in binary.",[26,803,805],{"id":804},"why-binary-prefixes-exist","Why Binary Prefixes Exist",[15,807,808],{},"A \"kilobyte\" in computing traditionally meant 1024 bytes (2¹⁰), not 1000 bytes (10³). This caused confusion, so the IEC introduced binary prefixes in 1998.",[26,810,812],{"id":811},"binary-prefix-table","Binary Prefix Table",[68,814,815,831],{},[71,816,817],{},[74,818,819,821,823,826,828],{},[77,820,286],{},[77,822,289],{},[77,824,825],{},"Power of 2",[77,827,666],{},[77,829,830],{},"Decimal Equivalent",[87,832,833,850,867,884,901,918],{},[74,834,835,838,841,844,847],{},[92,836,837],{},"kibi",[92,839,840],{},"Ki",[92,842,843],{},"2¹⁰",[92,845,846],{},"1,024",[92,848,849],{},"≈ 1.02 × 10³",[74,851,852,855,858,861,864],{},[92,853,854],{},"mebi",[92,856,857],{},"Mi",[92,859,860],{},"2²⁰",[92,862,863],{},"1,048,576",[92,865,866],{},"≈ 1.05 × 10⁶",[74,868,869,872,875,878,881],{},[92,870,871],{},"gibi",[92,873,874],{},"Gi",[92,876,877],{},"2³⁰",[92,879,880],{},"1,073,741,824",[92,882,883],{},"≈ 1.07 × 10⁹",[74,885,886,889,892,895,898],{},[92,887,888],{},"tebi",[92,890,891],{},"Ti",[92,893,894],{},"2⁴⁰",[92,896,897],{},"1,099,511,627,776",[92,899,900],{},"≈ 1.10 × 10¹²",[74,902,903,906,909,912,915],{},[92,904,905],{},"pebi",[92,907,908],{},"Pi",[92,910,911],{},"2⁵⁰",[92,913,914],{},"1,125,899,906,842,624",[92,916,917],{},"≈ 1.13 × 10¹⁵",[74,919,920,923,926,929,932],{},[92,921,922],{},"exbi",[92,924,925],{},"Ei",[92,927,928],{},"2⁶⁰",[92,930,931],{},"1,152,921,504,606,846,976",[92,933,934],{},"≈ 1.15 × 10¹⁸",[26,936,938],{"id":937},"si-vs-binary-prefix-comparison","SI vs Binary Prefix Comparison",[68,940,941,957],{},[71,942,943],{},[74,944,945,948,951,954],{},[77,946,947],{},"Quantity",[77,949,950],{},"SI Prefix (10ⁿ)",[77,952,953],{},"Binary Prefix (2ⁿ)",[77,955,956],{},"Difference",[87,958,959,973,987,1001],{},[74,960,961,964,967,970],{},[92,962,963],{},"1000 bytes",[92,965,966],{},"1 kB (kilobyte)",[92,968,969],{},"1 KiB (kibibyte)",[92,971,972],{},"~2.4%",[74,974,975,978,981,984],{},[92,976,977],{},"1,000,000 bytes",[92,979,980],{},"1 MB (megabyte)",[92,982,983],{},"1 MiB (mebibyte)",[92,985,986],{},"~4.9%",[74,988,989,992,995,998],{},[92,990,991],{},"1,000,000,000 bytes",[92,993,994],{},"1 GB (gigabyte)",[92,996,997],{},"1 GiB (gibibyte)",[92,999,1000],{},"~7.4%",[74,1002,1003,1006,1009,1012],{},[92,1004,1005],{},"1,000,000,000,000 bytes",[92,1007,1008],{},"1 TB (terabyte)",[92,1010,1011],{},"1 TiB (tebibyte)",[92,1013,1014],{},"~10%",[26,1016,1018],{"id":1017},"which-should-you-use","Which Should You Use?",[48,1020,1021,1027,1033,1039],{},[51,1022,1023,1026],{},[770,1024,1025],{},"Storage manufacturers",": Use SI prefixes (1 TB = 10¹² bytes) — it makes drives sound bigger",[51,1028,1029,1032],{},[770,1030,1031],{},"RAM\u002Fmemory",": Use binary prefixes (8 GiB = 2³⁰ × 8 bytes) — it's technically correct",[51,1034,1035,1038],{},[770,1036,1037],{},"Network speeds",": Use SI prefixes (1 Gbps = 10⁹ bits per second) — standard for networking",[51,1040,1041,1044],{},[770,1042,1043],{},"File sizes in OS",": Varies — Windows uses \"KB\" but means KiB; macOS uses proper SI",[10,1046,1048],{"id":1047},"engineering-notation","Engineering Notation",[15,1050,1051],{},"Engineering notation is a variant of scientific notation where the exponent is a multiple of 3, keeping the coefficient between 1 and 1000.",[26,1053,1055],{"id":1054},"why-use-engineering-notation","Why Use Engineering Notation?",[15,1057,1058],{},"It aligns with SI prefixes, making it easier to read engineering values.",[26,1060,66],{"id":1061},"examples-1",[68,1063,1064,1078],{},[71,1065,1066],{},[74,1067,1068,1071,1073,1075],{},[77,1069,1070],{},"Number",[77,1072,82],{},[77,1074,1048],{},[77,1076,1077],{},"With SI Prefix",[87,1079,1080,1094,1107,1120],{},[74,1081,1082,1085,1088,1091],{},[92,1083,1084],{},"123,000",[92,1086,1087],{},"1.23 × 10⁵",[92,1089,1090],{},"123 × 10³",[92,1092,1093],{},"123 k",[74,1095,1096,1099,1102,1104],{},[92,1097,1098],{},"0.00456",[92,1100,1101],{},"4.56 × 10⁻³",[92,1103,1101],{},[92,1105,1106],{},"4.56 m",[74,1108,1109,1112,1115,1117],{},[92,1110,1111],{},"7,890,000",[92,1113,1114],{},"7.89 × 10⁶",[92,1116,1114],{},[92,1118,1119],{},"7.89 M",[74,1121,1122,1125,1128,1131],{},[92,1123,1124],{},"0.000000092",[92,1126,1127],{},"9.2 × 10⁻⁸",[92,1129,1130],{},"92 × 10⁻⁹",[92,1132,1133],{},"92 n",[10,1135,1137],{"id":1136},"scientific-notation-in-programming","Scientific Notation in Programming",[26,1139,1140],{"id":191},"Python",[34,1142,1144],{"className":189,"code":1143,"language":191,"meta":43,"style":43},"# Writing numbers in scientific notation\nplanck = 6.626e-34\nspeed_of_light = 3e8\n\n# Converting to\u002Ffrom scientific notation\nprint(f\"{planck:.2e}\")  # \"6.63e-34\"\nprint(f\"{speed_of_light:.2e}\")  # \"3.00e+08\"\n\n# Parsing scientific notation from strings\nnum = float(\"1.23e-4\")  # 0.000123\n\n# Using with format specifiers\nvalue = 1234567\nprint(f\"{value:e}\")  # \"1.234567e+06\"\n",[41,1145,1146,1151,1156,1161,1165,1170,1175,1180,1184,1189,1194,1198,1203,1209],{"__ignoreMap":43},[195,1147,1148],{"class":197,"line":198},[195,1149,1150],{},"# Writing numbers in scientific notation\n",[195,1152,1153],{"class":197,"line":204},[195,1154,1155],{},"planck = 6.626e-34\n",[195,1157,1158],{"class":197,"line":210},[195,1159,1160],{},"speed_of_light = 3e8\n",[195,1162,1163],{"class":197,"line":216},[195,1164,220],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":219},[195,1166,1167],{"class":197,"line":223},[195,1168,1169],{},"# Converting to\u002Ffrom scientific notation\n",[195,1171,1172],{"class":197,"line":229},[195,1173,1174],{},"print(f\"{planck:.2e}\")  # \"6.63e-34\"\n",[195,1176,1177],{"class":197,"line":235},[195,1178,1179],{},"print(f\"{speed_of_light:.2e}\")  # \"3.00e+08\"\n",[195,1181,1182],{"class":197,"line":240},[195,1183,220],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":219},[195,1185,1186],{"class":197,"line":246},[195,1187,1188],{},"# Parsing scientific notation from strings\n",[195,1190,1191],{"class":197,"line":252},[195,1192,1193],{},"num = float(\"1.23e-4\")  # 0.000123\n",[195,1195,1196],{"class":197,"line":257},[195,1197,220],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":219},[195,1199,1200],{"class":197,"line":263},[195,1201,1202],{},"# Using with format specifiers\n",[195,1204,1206],{"class":197,"line":1205},13,[195,1207,1208],{},"value = 1234567\n",[195,1210,1212],{"class":197,"line":1211},14,[195,1213,1214],{},"print(f\"{value:e}\")  # \"1.234567e+06\"\n",[26,1216,1218],{"id":1217},"javascript","JavaScript",[34,1220,1223],{"className":1221,"code":1222,"language":1217,"meta":43,"style":43},"language-javascript shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","\u002F\u002F Scientific notation literals\nconst avogadro = 6.022e23;\nconst electronMass = 9.109e-31;\n\n\u002F\u002F toExponential() method\nconst num = 1234567;\nconsole.log(num.toExponential(2));  \u002F\u002F \"1.23e+6\"\n\n\u002F\u002F Parsing\nconst parsed = parseFloat(\"1.23e-4\");  \u002F\u002F 0.000123\n",[41,1224,1225,1231,1251,1265,1269,1274,1288,1315,1319,1324],{"__ignoreMap":43},[195,1226,1227],{"class":197,"line":198},[195,1228,1230],{"class":1229},"sJ8bj","\u002F\u002F Scientific notation literals\n",[195,1232,1233,1237,1241,1244,1247],{"class":197,"line":204},[195,1234,1236],{"class":1235},"szBVR","const",[195,1238,1240],{"class":1239},"sj4cs"," avogadro",[195,1242,1243],{"class":1235}," =",[195,1245,1246],{"class":1239}," 6.022e23",[195,1248,1250],{"class":1249},"sVt8B",";\n",[195,1252,1253,1255,1258,1260,1263],{"class":197,"line":210},[195,1254,1236],{"class":1235},[195,1256,1257],{"class":1239}," electronMass",[195,1259,1243],{"class":1235},[195,1261,1262],{"class":1239}," 9.109e-31",[195,1264,1250],{"class":1249},[195,1266,1267],{"class":197,"line":216},[195,1268,220],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":219},[195,1270,1271],{"class":197,"line":223},[195,1272,1273],{"class":1229},"\u002F\u002F toExponential() method\n",[195,1275,1276,1278,1281,1283,1286],{"class":197,"line":229},[195,1277,1236],{"class":1235},[195,1279,1280],{"class":1239}," num",[195,1282,1243],{"class":1235},[195,1284,1285],{"class":1239}," 1234567",[195,1287,1250],{"class":1249},[195,1289,1290,1293,1297,1300,1303,1306,1309,1312],{"class":197,"line":235},[195,1291,1292],{"class":1249},"console.",[195,1294,1296],{"class":1295},"sScJk","log",[195,1298,1299],{"class":1249},"(num.",[195,1301,1302],{"class":1295},"toExponential",[195,1304,1305],{"class":1249},"(",[195,1307,1308],{"class":1239},"2",[195,1310,1311],{"class":1249},"));  ",[195,1313,1314],{"class":1229},"\u002F\u002F \"1.23e+6\"\n",[195,1316,1317],{"class":197,"line":240},[195,1318,220],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":219},[195,1320,1321],{"class":197,"line":246},[195,1322,1323],{"class":1229},"\u002F\u002F Parsing\n",[195,1325,1326,1328,1331,1333,1336,1338,1342,1345],{"class":197,"line":252},[195,1327,1236],{"class":1235},[195,1329,1330],{"class":1239}," parsed",[195,1332,1243],{"class":1235},[195,1334,1335],{"class":1295}," parseFloat",[195,1337,1305],{"class":1249},[195,1339,1341],{"class":1340},"sZZnC","\"1.23e-4\"",[195,1343,1344],{"class":1249},");  ",[195,1346,1347],{"class":1229},"\u002F\u002F 0.000123\n",[26,1349,1351],{"id":1350},"java","Java",[34,1353,1356],{"className":1354,"code":1355,"language":1350,"meta":43,"style":43},"language-java shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","\u002F\u002F Scientific notation in literals\ndouble planck = 6.626e-34;\n\n\u002F\u002F Formatting\nSystem.out.printf(\"%.2e%n\", planck);  \u002F\u002F \"6.63e-34\"\n\n\u002F\u002F Using BigDecimal for precision\nBigDecimal precise = new BigDecimal(\"1.23e-4\");\n",[41,1357,1358,1363,1368,1372,1377,1382,1386,1391],{"__ignoreMap":43},[195,1359,1360],{"class":197,"line":198},[195,1361,1362],{},"\u002F\u002F Scientific notation in literals\n",[195,1364,1365],{"class":197,"line":204},[195,1366,1367],{},"double planck = 6.626e-34;\n",[195,1369,1370],{"class":197,"line":210},[195,1371,220],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":219},[195,1373,1374],{"class":197,"line":216},[195,1375,1376],{},"\u002F\u002F Formatting\n",[195,1378,1379],{"class":197,"line":223},[195,1380,1381],{},"System.out.printf(\"%.2e%n\", planck);  \u002F\u002F \"6.63e-34\"\n",[195,1383,1384],{"class":197,"line":229},[195,1385,220],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":219},[195,1387,1388],{"class":197,"line":235},[195,1389,1390],{},"\u002F\u002F Using BigDecimal for precision\n",[195,1392,1393],{"class":197,"line":240},[195,1394,1395],{},"BigDecimal precise = new BigDecimal(\"1.23e-4\");\n",[26,1397,1399],{"id":1398},"cc","C\u002FC++",[34,1401,1404],{"className":1402,"code":1403,"language":509,"meta":43,"style":43},"language-c shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","\u002F\u002F Scientific notation in literals\ndouble speed_of_light = 3.0e8;\n\n\u002F\u002F printf formatting\nprintf(\"%.2e\\n\", speed_of_light);  \u002F\u002F \"3.00e+08\"\n\n\u002F\u002F Using scientific notation in scanf\ndouble value;\nscanf(\"%le\", &value);  \u002F\u002F Reads \"1.23e-4\" format\n",[41,1405,1406,1410,1415,1419,1424,1429,1433,1438,1443],{"__ignoreMap":43},[195,1407,1408],{"class":197,"line":198},[195,1409,1362],{},[195,1411,1412],{"class":197,"line":204},[195,1413,1414],{},"double speed_of_light = 3.0e8;\n",[195,1416,1417],{"class":197,"line":210},[195,1418,220],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":219},[195,1420,1421],{"class":197,"line":216},[195,1422,1423],{},"\u002F\u002F printf formatting\n",[195,1425,1426],{"class":197,"line":223},[195,1427,1428],{},"printf(\"%.2e\\n\", speed_of_light);  \u002F\u002F \"3.00e+08\"\n",[195,1430,1431],{"class":197,"line":229},[195,1432,220],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":219},[195,1434,1435],{"class":197,"line":235},[195,1436,1437],{},"\u002F\u002F Using scientific notation in scanf\n",[195,1439,1440],{"class":197,"line":240},[195,1441,1442],{},"double value;\n",[195,1444,1445],{"class":197,"line":246},[195,1446,1447],{},"scanf(\"%le\", &value);  \u002F\u002F Reads \"1.23e-4\" format\n",[10,1449,1451],{"id":1450},"common-constants-in-scientific-notation","Common Constants in Scientific Notation",[68,1453,1454,1466],{},[71,1455,1456],{},[74,1457,1458,1461,1463],{},[77,1459,1460],{},"Constant",[77,1462,289],{},[77,1464,1465],{},"Value (Scientific Notation)",[87,1467,1468,1478,1488,1498,1508,1519,1530,1540],{},[74,1469,1470,1473,1475],{},[92,1471,1472],{},"Speed of light",[92,1474,509],{},[92,1476,1477],{},"2.998 × 10⁸ m\u002Fs",[74,1479,1480,1483,1485],{},[92,1481,1482],{},"Planck constant",[92,1484,443],{},[92,1486,1487],{},"6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J·s",[74,1489,1490,1493,1495],{},[92,1491,1492],{},"Gravitational constant",[92,1494,392],{},[92,1496,1497],{},"6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²\u002Fkg²",[74,1499,1500,1503,1505],{},[92,1501,1502],{},"Electron charge",[92,1504,181],{},[92,1506,1507],{},"1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C",[74,1509,1510,1513,1516],{},[92,1511,1512],{},"Electron mass",[92,1514,1515],{},"mₑ",[92,1517,1518],{},"9.109 × 10⁻³¹ kg",[74,1520,1521,1524,1527],{},[92,1522,1523],{},"Avogadro's number",[92,1525,1526],{},"Nₐ",[92,1528,1529],{},"6.022 × 10²³ mol⁻¹",[74,1531,1532,1535,1537],{},[92,1533,1534],{},"Boltzmann constant",[92,1536,426],{},[92,1538,1539],{},"1.381 × 10⁻²³ J\u002FK",[74,1541,1542,1545,1548],{},[92,1543,1544],{},"Standard atmosphere",[92,1546,1547],{},"atm",[92,1549,1550],{},"1.013 × 10⁵ Pa",[10,1552,1554],{"id":1553},"practical-examples","Practical Examples",[26,1556,1558],{"id":1557},"example-1-converting-to-scientific-notation","Example 1: Converting to Scientific Notation",[15,1560,1561],{},"Convert 0.0000000567 to scientific notation:",[1563,1564,1565,1568,1571],"ol",{},[51,1566,1567],{},"Move decimal point 8 places to the right: 5.67",[51,1569,1570],{},"Since we moved right, exponent is negative: 10⁻⁸",[51,1572,1573,1574],{},"Result: ",[770,1575,1576],{},"5.67 × 10⁻⁸",[26,1578,1580],{"id":1579},"example-2-converting-from-scientific-notation","Example 2: Converting from Scientific Notation",[15,1582,1583],{},"Convert 3.21 × 10⁵ to standard form:",[1563,1585,1586,1589],{},[51,1587,1588],{},"Move decimal point 5 places to the right: 321000",[51,1590,1573,1591],{},[770,1592,1593],{},"321,000",[26,1595,1597],{"id":1596},"example-3-multiplication-with-scientific-notation","Example 3: Multiplication with Scientific Notation",[15,1599,1600],{},"(2 × 10³) × (3 × 10⁴) = ?",[1563,1602,1603,1606,1609],{},[51,1604,1605],{},"Multiply coefficients: 2 × 3 = 6",[51,1607,1608],{},"Add exponents: 10³ × 10⁴ = 10⁷",[51,1610,1573,1611],{},[770,1612,1613],{},"6 × 10⁷",[26,1615,1617],{"id":1616},"example-4-computing-context","Example 4: Computing Context",[15,1619,1620],{},"A hard drive is 2 TB (SI) vs 2 TiB (binary):",[48,1622,1623,1626,1629],{},[51,1624,1625],{},"2 TB = 2 × 10¹² = 2,000,000,000,000 bytes",[51,1627,1628],{},"2 TiB = 2 × 2⁴⁰ = 2,199,023,255,552 bytes",[51,1630,1631],{},"Difference: ~199 billion bytes (~199 GB \"missing\" in SI)",[10,1633,1635],{"id":1634},"quick-reference","Quick Reference",[26,1637,1639],{"id":1638},"powers-of-10-memorize-these","Powers of 10 (Memorize These)",[34,1641,1644],{"className":1642,"code":1643,"language":39},[37],"10⁻³ = 0.001 = milli (m)\n10⁻² = 0.01 = centi (c)\n10⁻¹ = 0.1 = deci (d)\n10⁰ = 1\n10¹ = 10 = deca (da)\n10² = 100 = hecto (h)\n10³ = 1000 = kilo (k)\n10⁶ = 1,000,000 = mega (M)\n10⁹ = 1,000,000,000 = giga (G)\n10¹² = 1,000,000,000,000 = tera (T)\n",[41,1645,1643],{"__ignoreMap":43},[26,1647,1649],{"id":1648},"powers-of-2-computing","Powers of 2 (Computing)",[34,1651,1654],{"className":1652,"code":1653,"language":39},[37],"2¹⁰ = 1,024 ≈ 10³ (kibi)\n2²⁰ = 1,048,576 ≈ 10⁶ (mebi)\n2³⁰ = 1,073,741,824 ≈ 10⁹ (gibi)\n2⁴⁰ ≈ 10¹² (tebi)\n",[41,1655,1653],{"__ignoreMap":43},[10,1657,1659],{"id":1658},"related-tools","Related Tools",[48,1661,1662],{},[51,1663,1664,1668],{},[55,1665,1667],{"href":1666},"\u002Ftools\u002Funit-converter","Unit Converter"," - Convert between various units and formats",[1670,1671,1672],"style",{},"html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sJ8bj, html code.shiki .sJ8bj{--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D}html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sScJk, html code.shiki .sScJk{--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":43,"searchDepth":204,"depth":204,"links":1674},[1675,1676,1681,1685,1690,1696,1700,1706,1707,1713,1717],{"id":12,"depth":204,"text":13},{"id":23,"depth":204,"text":24,"children":1677},[1678,1679,1680],{"id":28,"depth":210,"text":29},{"id":65,"depth":210,"text":66},{"id":147,"depth":210,"text":148},{"id":160,"depth":204,"text":161,"children":1682},[1683,1684],{"id":164,"depth":210,"text":165},{"id":174,"depth":210,"text":175},{"id":269,"depth":204,"text":270,"children":1686},[1687,1688,1689],{"id":276,"depth":210,"text":277},{"id":652,"depth":210,"text":653},{"id":759,"depth":210,"text":760},{"id":797,"depth":204,"text":798,"children":1691},[1692,1693,1694,1695],{"id":804,"depth":210,"text":805},{"id":811,"depth":210,"text":812},{"id":937,"depth":210,"text":938},{"id":1017,"depth":210,"text":1018},{"id":1047,"depth":204,"text":1048,"children":1697},[1698,1699],{"id":1054,"depth":210,"text":1055},{"id":1061,"depth":210,"text":66},{"id":1136,"depth":204,"text":1137,"children":1701},[1702,1703,1704,1705],{"id":191,"depth":210,"text":1140},{"id":1217,"depth":210,"text":1218},{"id":1350,"depth":210,"text":1351},{"id":1398,"depth":210,"text":1399},{"id":1450,"depth":204,"text":1451},{"id":1553,"depth":204,"text":1554,"children":1708},[1709,1710,1711,1712],{"id":1557,"depth":210,"text":1558},{"id":1579,"depth":210,"text":1580},{"id":1596,"depth":210,"text":1597},{"id":1616,"depth":210,"text":1617},{"id":1634,"depth":204,"text":1635,"children":1714},[1715,1716],{"id":1638,"depth":210,"text":1639},{"id":1648,"depth":210,"text":1649},{"id":1658,"depth":204,"text":1659},"2026-05-26","Complete guide to scientific notation, SI prefixes (kilo, micro, nano), binary prefixes (kibi, mebi), engineering notation, and programming representations.","md",{"immutable":219},"\u002Fguides\u002Fscientific-notation-guide",{"title":5,"description":1719},"guides\u002Fscientific-notation-guide","CxJV63T7E3Dc8rIJyT90L3Y5gS4j7SRydpK5bHP3xGo",1780401324564]