[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1776},["ShallowReactive",2],{"guide-json-vs-xml":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"date":1768,"description":1769,"extension":1770,"meta":1771,"navigation":1540,"path":1772,"readingTime":178,"seo":1773,"stem":1774,"__hash__":1775},"guides\u002Fguides\u002Fjson-vs-xml.md","JSON vs XML — Complete Comparison Guide",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1730},"minimark",[9,14,18,21,25,28,33,188,192,276,280,378,382,388,404,409,420,424,428,431,513,517,520,535,538,542,546,549,619,622,644,648,651,742,762,766,825,829,832,872,876,983,987,990,1026,1030,1060,1064,1068,1071,1176,1180,1183,1238,1242,1246,1274,1278,1297,1317,1321,1325,1328,1334,1518,1523,1587,1591,1680,1684,1691,1697,1711,1715,1726],[10,11,13],"h2",{"id":12},"introduction","Introduction",[15,16,17],"p",{},"When building APIs, configuration files, or data exchange systems, developers often face the choice between JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) and XML (Extensible Markup Language). Both formats have been around for decades and each has its strengths.",[15,19,20],{},"This guide breaks down the differences between JSON and XML to help you make an informed decision for your next project.",[10,22,24],{"id":23},"syntax-comparison","Syntax Comparison",[15,26,27],{},"The most obvious difference is how data is structured and represented.",[29,30,32],"h3",{"id":31},"json-example","JSON Example",[34,35,40],"pre",{"className":36,"code":37,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"language-json shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","{\n  \"user\": {\n    \"id\": 12345,\n    \"name\": \"Jane Smith\",\n    \"email\": \"jane@example.com\",\n    \"active\": true,\n    \"roles\": [\"admin\", \"editor\"],\n    \"address\": {\n      \"city\": \"New York\",\n      \"zip\": \"10001\"\n    }\n  }\n}\n","json","",[41,42,43,52,62,77,91,104,117,138,146,159,170,176,182],"code",{"__ignoreMap":39},[44,45,48],"span",{"class":46,"line":47},"line",1,[44,49,51],{"class":50},"sVt8B","{\n",[44,53,55,59],{"class":46,"line":54},2,[44,56,58],{"class":57},"sj4cs","  \"user\"",[44,60,61],{"class":50},": {\n",[44,63,65,68,71,74],{"class":46,"line":64},3,[44,66,67],{"class":57},"    \"id\"",[44,69,70],{"class":50},": ",[44,72,73],{"class":57},"12345",[44,75,76],{"class":50},",\n",[44,78,80,83,85,89],{"class":46,"line":79},4,[44,81,82],{"class":57},"    \"name\"",[44,84,70],{"class":50},[44,86,88],{"class":87},"sZZnC","\"Jane Smith\"",[44,90,76],{"class":50},[44,92,94,97,99,102],{"class":46,"line":93},5,[44,95,96],{"class":57},"    \"email\"",[44,98,70],{"class":50},[44,100,101],{"class":87},"\"jane@example.com\"",[44,103,76],{"class":50},[44,105,107,110,112,115],{"class":46,"line":106},6,[44,108,109],{"class":57},"    \"active\"",[44,111,70],{"class":50},[44,113,114],{"class":57},"true",[44,116,76],{"class":50},[44,118,120,123,126,129,132,135],{"class":46,"line":119},7,[44,121,122],{"class":57},"    \"roles\"",[44,124,125],{"class":50},": [",[44,127,128],{"class":87},"\"admin\"",[44,130,131],{"class":50},", ",[44,133,134],{"class":87},"\"editor\"",[44,136,137],{"class":50},"],\n",[44,139,141,144],{"class":46,"line":140},8,[44,142,143],{"class":57},"    \"address\"",[44,145,61],{"class":50},[44,147,149,152,154,157],{"class":46,"line":148},9,[44,150,151],{"class":57},"      \"city\"",[44,153,70],{"class":50},[44,155,156],{"class":87},"\"New York\"",[44,158,76],{"class":50},[44,160,162,165,167],{"class":46,"line":161},10,[44,163,164],{"class":57},"      \"zip\"",[44,166,70],{"class":50},[44,168,169],{"class":87},"\"10001\"\n",[44,171,173],{"class":46,"line":172},11,[44,174,175],{"class":50},"    }\n",[44,177,179],{"class":46,"line":178},12,[44,180,181],{"class":50},"  }\n",[44,183,185],{"class":46,"line":184},13,[44,186,187],{"class":50},"}\n",[29,189,191],{"id":190},"xml-example","XML Example",[34,193,197],{"className":194,"code":195,"language":196,"meta":39,"style":39},"language-xml shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","\u003C?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n\u003Cuser>\n  \u003Cid>12345\u003C\u002Fid>\n  \u003Cname>Jane Smith\u003C\u002Fname>\n  \u003Cemail>jane@example.com\u003C\u002Femail>\n  \u003Cactive>true\u003C\u002Factive>\n  \u003Croles>\n    \u003Crole>admin\u003C\u002Frole>\n    \u003Crole>editor\u003C\u002Frole>\n  \u003C\u002Froles>\n  \u003Caddress>\n    \u003Ccity>New York\u003C\u002Fcity>\n    \u003Czip>10001\u003C\u002Fzip>\n  \u003C\u002Faddress>\n\u003C\u002Fuser>\n","xml",[41,198,199,204,209,214,219,224,229,234,239,244,249,254,259,264,270],{"__ignoreMap":39},[44,200,201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,202,203],{},"\u003C?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n",[44,205,206],{"class":46,"line":54},[44,207,208],{},"\u003Cuser>\n",[44,210,211],{"class":46,"line":64},[44,212,213],{},"  \u003Cid>12345\u003C\u002Fid>\n",[44,215,216],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,217,218],{},"  \u003Cname>Jane Smith\u003C\u002Fname>\n",[44,220,221],{"class":46,"line":93},[44,222,223],{},"  \u003Cemail>jane@example.com\u003C\u002Femail>\n",[44,225,226],{"class":46,"line":106},[44,227,228],{},"  \u003Cactive>true\u003C\u002Factive>\n",[44,230,231],{"class":46,"line":119},[44,232,233],{},"  \u003Croles>\n",[44,235,236],{"class":46,"line":140},[44,237,238],{},"    \u003Crole>admin\u003C\u002Frole>\n",[44,240,241],{"class":46,"line":148},[44,242,243],{},"    \u003Crole>editor\u003C\u002Frole>\n",[44,245,246],{"class":46,"line":161},[44,247,248],{},"  \u003C\u002Froles>\n",[44,250,251],{"class":46,"line":172},[44,252,253],{},"  \u003Caddress>\n",[44,255,256],{"class":46,"line":178},[44,257,258],{},"    \u003Ccity>New York\u003C\u002Fcity>\n",[44,260,261],{"class":46,"line":184},[44,262,263],{},"    \u003Czip>10001\u003C\u002Fzip>\n",[44,265,267],{"class":46,"line":266},14,[44,268,269],{},"  \u003C\u002Faddress>\n",[44,271,273],{"class":46,"line":272},15,[44,274,275],{},"\u003C\u002Fuser>\n",[29,277,279],{"id":278},"key-syntax-differences","Key Syntax Differences",[281,282,283,299],"table",{},[284,285,286],"thead",{},[287,288,289,293,296],"tr",{},[290,291,292],"th",{},"Feature",[290,294,295],{},"JSON",[290,297,298],{},"XML",[300,301,302,314,325,340,354,366],"tbody",{},[287,303,304,308,311],{},[305,306,307],"td",{},"Data representation",[305,309,310],{},"Key-value pairs, arrays",[305,312,313],{},"Nested elements and attributes",[287,315,316,319,322],{},[305,317,318],{},"Quotes",[305,320,321],{},"Double quotes required",[305,323,324],{},"Single or double quotes",[287,326,327,330,333],{},[305,328,329],{},"Comments",[305,331,332],{},"Not supported",[305,334,335,336,339],{},"Supported (",[41,337,338],{},"\u003C!-- comment -->",")",[287,341,342,345,348],{},[305,343,344],{},"Closing tags",[305,346,347],{},"Not needed",[305,349,350,351,339],{},"Required (",[41,352,353],{},"\u003C\u002Ftag>",[287,355,356,359,361],{},[305,357,358],{},"Attributes",[305,360,332],{},[305,362,335,363,339],{},[41,364,365],{},"\u003Ctag attr=\"value\">",[287,367,368,371,373],{},[305,369,370],{},"Self-closing",[305,372,347],{},[305,374,335,375,339],{},[41,376,377],{},"\u003Ctag\u002F>",[10,379,381],{"id":380},"readability","Readability",[15,383,384,387],{},[385,386,295],"strong",{}," is generally more readable for developers because:",[389,390,391,395,398,401],"ul",{},[392,393,394],"li",{},"It is compact and less verbose",[392,396,397],{},"The structure mirrors JavaScript object literals",[392,399,400],{},"No closing tags to track",[392,402,403],{},"Arrays are natively represented",[15,405,406,408],{},[385,407,298],{}," can be more readable for deeply nested hierarchical data because:",[389,410,411,414,417],{},[392,412,413],{},"Opening and closing tags make structure explicit",[392,415,416],{},"Attributes allow mixing metadata with content",[392,418,419],{},"Namespaces help avoid element name conflicts",[10,421,423],{"id":422},"data-types","Data Types",[29,425,427],{"id":426},"json-data-types","JSON Data Types",[15,429,430],{},"JSON supports a limited set of native data types:",[281,432,433,443],{},[284,434,435],{},[287,436,437,440],{},[290,438,439],{},"Type",[290,441,442],{},"Example",[300,444,445,455,471,483,493,503],{},[287,446,447,450],{},[305,448,449],{},"String",[305,451,452],{},[41,453,454],{},"\"hello\"",[287,456,457,460],{},[305,458,459],{},"Number",[305,461,462,131,465,131,468],{},[41,463,464],{},"42",[41,466,467],{},"3.14",[41,469,470],{},"-1",[287,472,473,476],{},[305,474,475],{},"Boolean",[305,477,478,131,480],{},[41,479,114],{},[41,481,482],{},"false",[287,484,485,488],{},[305,486,487],{},"Null",[305,489,490],{},[41,491,492],{},"null",[287,494,495,498],{},[305,496,497],{},"Array",[305,499,500],{},[41,501,502],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[287,504,505,508],{},[305,506,507],{},"Object",[305,509,510],{},[41,511,512],{},"{\"key\": \"value\"}",[29,514,516],{"id":515},"xml-data-types","XML Data Types",[15,518,519],{},"XML has no native data types. Everything is a string:",[34,521,523],{"className":194,"code":522,"language":196,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cage>30\u003C\u002Fage>       \u003C!-- Stored as string \"30\" -->\n\u003Cprice>29.99\u003C\u002Fprice> \u003C!-- Stored as string \"29.99\" -->\n",[41,524,525,530],{"__ignoreMap":39},[44,526,527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,528,529],{},"\u003Cage>30\u003C\u002Fage>       \u003C!-- Stored as string \"30\" -->\n",[44,531,532],{"class":46,"line":54},[44,533,534],{},"\u003Cprice>29.99\u003C\u002Fprice> \u003C!-- Stored as string \"29.99\" -->\n",[15,536,537],{},"The consuming application must parse and convert values to appropriate types.",[10,539,541],{"id":540},"parsing-and-performance","Parsing and Performance",[29,543,545],{"id":544},"json-parsing","JSON Parsing",[15,547,548],{},"In JavaScript, JSON is parsed natively:",[34,550,554],{"className":551,"code":552,"language":553,"meta":39,"style":39},"language-javascript shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","const jsonString = '{\"name\": \"John\", \"age\": 30}';\nconst data = JSON.parse(jsonString);  \u002F\u002F Native, fast\nconst backToJson = JSON.stringify(data);\n","javascript",[41,555,556,574,600],{"__ignoreMap":39},[44,557,558,562,565,568,571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,559,561],{"class":560},"szBVR","const",[44,563,564],{"class":57}," jsonString",[44,566,567],{"class":560}," =",[44,569,570],{"class":87}," '{\"name\": \"John\", \"age\": 30}'",[44,572,573],{"class":50},";\n",[44,575,576,578,581,583,586,589,593,596],{"class":46,"line":54},[44,577,561],{"class":560},[44,579,580],{"class":57}," data",[44,582,567],{"class":560},[44,584,585],{"class":57}," JSON",[44,587,588],{"class":50},".",[44,590,592],{"class":591},"sScJk","parse",[44,594,595],{"class":50},"(jsonString);  ",[44,597,599],{"class":598},"sJ8bj","\u002F\u002F Native, fast\n",[44,601,602,604,607,609,611,613,616],{"class":46,"line":64},[44,603,561],{"class":560},[44,605,606],{"class":57}," backToJson",[44,608,567],{"class":560},[44,610,585],{"class":57},[44,612,588],{"class":50},[44,614,615],{"class":591},"stringify",[44,617,618],{"class":50},"(data);\n",[15,620,621],{},"In Python:",[34,623,627],{"className":624,"code":625,"language":626,"meta":39,"style":39},"language-python shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","import json\ndata = json.loads('{\"name\": \"John\", \"age\": 30}')\njson_string = json.dumps(data)\n","python",[41,628,629,634,639],{"__ignoreMap":39},[44,630,631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,632,633],{},"import json\n",[44,635,636],{"class":46,"line":54},[44,637,638],{},"data = json.loads('{\"name\": \"John\", \"age\": 30}')\n",[44,640,641],{"class":46,"line":64},[44,642,643],{},"json_string = json.dumps(data)\n",[29,645,647],{"id":646},"xml-parsing","XML Parsing",[15,649,650],{},"XML requires a parser:",[34,652,654],{"className":551,"code":653,"language":553,"meta":39,"style":39},"const xmlString = '\u003Cuser>\u003Cname>John\u003C\u002Fname>\u003C\u002Fuser>';\nconst parser = new DOMParser();\nconst xmlDoc = parser.parseFromString(xmlString, 'text\u002Fxml');\nconst name = xmlDoc.getElementsByTagName('name')[0].textContent;\n",[41,655,656,670,688,712],{"__ignoreMap":39},[44,657,658,660,663,665,668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,659,561],{"class":560},[44,661,662],{"class":57}," xmlString",[44,664,567],{"class":560},[44,666,667],{"class":87}," '\u003Cuser>\u003Cname>John\u003C\u002Fname>\u003C\u002Fuser>'",[44,669,573],{"class":50},[44,671,672,674,677,679,682,685],{"class":46,"line":54},[44,673,561],{"class":560},[44,675,676],{"class":57}," parser",[44,678,567],{"class":560},[44,680,681],{"class":560}," new",[44,683,684],{"class":591}," DOMParser",[44,686,687],{"class":50},"();\n",[44,689,690,692,695,697,700,703,706,709],{"class":46,"line":64},[44,691,561],{"class":560},[44,693,694],{"class":57}," xmlDoc",[44,696,567],{"class":560},[44,698,699],{"class":50}," parser.",[44,701,702],{"class":591},"parseFromString",[44,704,705],{"class":50},"(xmlString, ",[44,707,708],{"class":87},"'text\u002Fxml'",[44,710,711],{"class":50},");\n",[44,713,714,716,719,721,724,727,730,733,736,739],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,715,561],{"class":560},[44,717,718],{"class":57}," name",[44,720,567],{"class":560},[44,722,723],{"class":50}," xmlDoc.",[44,725,726],{"class":591},"getElementsByTagName",[44,728,729],{"class":50},"(",[44,731,732],{"class":87},"'name'",[44,734,735],{"class":50},")[",[44,737,738],{"class":57},"0",[44,740,741],{"class":50},"].textContent;\n",[34,743,745],{"className":624,"code":744,"language":626,"meta":39,"style":39},"import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET\ntree = ET.fromstring('\u003Cuser>\u003Cname>John\u003C\u002Fname>\u003C\u002Fuser>')\nname = tree.find('name').text\n",[41,746,747,752,757],{"__ignoreMap":39},[44,748,749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,750,751],{},"import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET\n",[44,753,754],{"class":46,"line":54},[44,755,756],{},"tree = ET.fromstring('\u003Cuser>\u003Cname>John\u003C\u002Fname>\u003C\u002Fuser>')\n",[44,758,759],{"class":46,"line":64},[44,760,761],{},"name = tree.find('name').text\n",[29,763,765],{"id":764},"performance-comparison","Performance Comparison",[281,767,768,779],{},[284,769,770],{},[287,771,772,775,777],{},[290,773,774],{},"Metric",[290,776,295],{},[290,778,298],{},[300,780,781,792,803,814],{},[287,782,783,786,789],{},[305,784,785],{},"File size (same data)",[305,787,788],{},"Smaller (20–50% less)",[305,790,791],{},"Larger (verbose tags)",[287,793,794,797,800],{},[305,795,796],{},"Parse speed",[305,798,799],{},"Faster (native in browsers)",[305,801,802],{},"Slower (requires parser)",[287,804,805,808,811],{},[305,806,807],{},"Memory usage",[305,809,810],{},"Lower",[305,812,813],{},"Higher",[287,815,816,819,822],{},[305,817,818],{},"Streaming support",[305,820,821],{},"Limited",[305,823,824],{},"Good (SAX parsing)",[10,826,828],{"id":827},"use-cases-when-to-choose-json","Use Cases: When to Choose JSON",[15,830,831],{},"JSON is the better choice for:",[833,834,835,841,847,860,866],"ol",{},[392,836,837,840],{},[385,838,839],{},"REST APIs"," — Most modern web APIs use JSON because it is lightweight and JavaScript-native.",[392,842,843,846],{},[385,844,845],{},"Single Page Applications (SPAs)"," — Seamless integration with frontend frameworks.",[392,848,849,852,853,131,856,859],{},[385,850,851],{},"Configuration files"," — ",[41,854,855],{},"package.json",[41,857,858],{},"tsconfig.json",", and many others use JSON.",[392,861,862,865],{},[385,863,864],{},"NoSQL databases"," — MongoDB, CouchDB, and others store data in JSON-like formats.",[392,867,868,871],{},[385,869,870],{},"Mobile apps"," — Reduced payload size matters for bandwidth-constrained devices.",[29,873,875],{"id":874},"example-rest-api-response","Example: REST API Response",[34,877,879],{"className":36,"code":878,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{\n  \"status\": \"success\",\n  \"data\": {\n    \"users\": [\n      {\"id\": 1, \"name\": \"Alice\"},\n      {\"id\": 2, \"name\": \"Bob\"}\n    ],\n    \"total\": 2\n  }\n}\n",[41,880,881,885,897,904,912,938,960,965,975,979],{"__ignoreMap":39},[44,882,883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,884,51],{"class":50},[44,886,887,890,892,895],{"class":46,"line":54},[44,888,889],{"class":57},"  \"status\"",[44,891,70],{"class":50},[44,893,894],{"class":87},"\"success\"",[44,896,76],{"class":50},[44,898,899,902],{"class":46,"line":64},[44,900,901],{"class":57},"  \"data\"",[44,903,61],{"class":50},[44,905,906,909],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,907,908],{"class":57},"    \"users\"",[44,910,911],{"class":50},": [\n",[44,913,914,917,920,922,925,927,930,932,935],{"class":46,"line":93},[44,915,916],{"class":50},"      {",[44,918,919],{"class":57},"\"id\"",[44,921,70],{"class":50},[44,923,924],{"class":57},"1",[44,926,131],{"class":50},[44,928,929],{"class":57},"\"name\"",[44,931,70],{"class":50},[44,933,934],{"class":87},"\"Alice\"",[44,936,937],{"class":50},"},\n",[44,939,940,942,944,946,949,951,953,955,958],{"class":46,"line":106},[44,941,916],{"class":50},[44,943,919],{"class":57},[44,945,70],{"class":50},[44,947,948],{"class":57},"2",[44,950,131],{"class":50},[44,952,929],{"class":57},[44,954,70],{"class":50},[44,956,957],{"class":87},"\"Bob\"",[44,959,187],{"class":50},[44,961,962],{"class":46,"line":119},[44,963,964],{"class":50},"    ],\n",[44,966,967,970,972],{"class":46,"line":140},[44,968,969],{"class":57},"    \"total\"",[44,971,70],{"class":50},[44,973,974],{"class":57},"2\n",[44,976,977],{"class":46,"line":148},[44,978,181],{"class":50},[44,980,981],{"class":46,"line":161},[44,982,187],{"class":50},[10,984,986],{"id":985},"use-cases-when-to-choose-xml","Use Cases: When to Choose XML",[15,988,989],{},"XML is still the preferred choice for:",[833,991,992,998,1008,1014,1020],{},[392,993,994,997],{},[385,995,996],{},"SOAP Web Services"," — Enterprise environments often require XML-based SOAP.",[392,999,1000,1003,1004,1007],{},[385,1001,1002],{},"Document formats"," — Office Open XML (",[41,1005,1006],{},".docx","), SVG, and XHTML are XML-based.",[392,1009,1010,1013],{},[385,1011,1012],{},"Configuration with metadata"," — Attributes make it easy to add metadata to elements.",[392,1015,1016,1019],{},[385,1017,1018],{},"Complex validation"," — XML Schema (XSD) provides stronger validation than JSON Schema.",[392,1021,1022,1025],{},[385,1023,1024],{},"Mixed content"," — When elements contain both text and child elements.",[29,1027,1029],{"id":1028},"example-xml-with-attributes","Example: XML with Attributes",[34,1031,1033],{"className":194,"code":1032,"language":196,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cbook isbn=\"978-3-16-148410-0\">\n  \u003Ctitle>Clean Code\u003C\u002Ftitle>\n  \u003Cauthor Robert C. Martin\u003C\u002Fauthor>\n  \u003Cprice currency=\"USD\">35.99\u003C\u002Fprice>\n\u003C\u002Fbook>\n",[41,1034,1035,1040,1045,1050,1055],{"__ignoreMap":39},[44,1036,1037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1038,1039],{},"\u003Cbook isbn=\"978-3-16-148410-0\">\n",[44,1041,1042],{"class":46,"line":54},[44,1043,1044],{},"  \u003Ctitle>Clean Code\u003C\u002Ftitle>\n",[44,1046,1047],{"class":46,"line":64},[44,1048,1049],{},"  \u003Cauthor Robert C. Martin\u003C\u002Fauthor>\n",[44,1051,1052],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,1053,1054],{},"  \u003Cprice currency=\"USD\">35.99\u003C\u002Fprice>\n",[44,1056,1057],{"class":46,"line":93},[44,1058,1059],{},"\u003C\u002Fbook>\n",[10,1061,1063],{"id":1062},"schema-and-validation","Schema and Validation",[29,1065,1067],{"id":1066},"json-schema","JSON Schema",[15,1069,1070],{},"JSON Schema is a vocabulary for validating JSON documents:",[34,1072,1074],{"className":36,"code":1073,"language":38,"meta":39,"style":39},"{\n  \"$schema\": \"https:\u002F\u002Fjson-schema.org\u002Fdraft\u002F2020-12\u002Fschema\",\n  \"type\": \"object\",\n  \"properties\": {\n    \"name\": { \"type\": \"string\" },\n    \"age\": { \"type\": \"integer\", \"minimum\": 0 }\n  },\n  \"required\": [\"name\"]\n}\n",[41,1075,1076,1080,1092,1104,1111,1129,1155,1160,1172],{"__ignoreMap":39},[44,1077,1078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1079,51],{"class":50},[44,1081,1082,1085,1087,1090],{"class":46,"line":54},[44,1083,1084],{"class":57},"  \"$schema\"",[44,1086,70],{"class":50},[44,1088,1089],{"class":87},"\"https:\u002F\u002Fjson-schema.org\u002Fdraft\u002F2020-12\u002Fschema\"",[44,1091,76],{"class":50},[44,1093,1094,1097,1099,1102],{"class":46,"line":64},[44,1095,1096],{"class":57},"  \"type\"",[44,1098,70],{"class":50},[44,1100,1101],{"class":87},"\"object\"",[44,1103,76],{"class":50},[44,1105,1106,1109],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,1107,1108],{"class":57},"  \"properties\"",[44,1110,61],{"class":50},[44,1112,1113,1115,1118,1121,1123,1126],{"class":46,"line":93},[44,1114,82],{"class":57},[44,1116,1117],{"class":50},": { ",[44,1119,1120],{"class":57},"\"type\"",[44,1122,70],{"class":50},[44,1124,1125],{"class":87},"\"string\"",[44,1127,1128],{"class":50}," },\n",[44,1130,1131,1134,1136,1138,1140,1143,1145,1148,1150,1152],{"class":46,"line":106},[44,1132,1133],{"class":57},"    \"age\"",[44,1135,1117],{"class":50},[44,1137,1120],{"class":57},[44,1139,70],{"class":50},[44,1141,1142],{"class":87},"\"integer\"",[44,1144,131],{"class":50},[44,1146,1147],{"class":57},"\"minimum\"",[44,1149,70],{"class":50},[44,1151,738],{"class":57},[44,1153,1154],{"class":50}," }\n",[44,1156,1157],{"class":46,"line":119},[44,1158,1159],{"class":50},"  },\n",[44,1161,1162,1165,1167,1169],{"class":46,"line":140},[44,1163,1164],{"class":57},"  \"required\"",[44,1166,125],{"class":50},[44,1168,929],{"class":87},[44,1170,1171],{"class":50},"]\n",[44,1173,1174],{"class":46,"line":148},[44,1175,187],{"class":50},[29,1177,1179],{"id":1178},"xml-schema-xsd","XML Schema (XSD)",[15,1181,1182],{},"XSD is more mature and feature-rich:",[34,1184,1186],{"className":194,"code":1185,"language":196,"meta":39,"style":39},"\u003Cxs:schema xmlns:xs=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2001\u002FXMLSchema\">\n  \u003Cxs:element name=\"user\">\n    \u003Cxs:complexType>\n      \u003Cxs:sequence>\n        \u003Cxs:element name=\"name\" type=\"xs:string\"\u002F>\n        \u003Cxs:element name=\"age\" type=\"xs:integer\"\u002F>\n      \u003C\u002Fxs:sequence>\n    \u003C\u002Fxs:complexType>\n  \u003C\u002Fxs:element>\n\u003C\u002Fxs:schema>\n",[41,1187,1188,1193,1198,1203,1208,1213,1218,1223,1228,1233],{"__ignoreMap":39},[44,1189,1190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1191,1192],{},"\u003Cxs:schema xmlns:xs=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2001\u002FXMLSchema\">\n",[44,1194,1195],{"class":46,"line":54},[44,1196,1197],{},"  \u003Cxs:element name=\"user\">\n",[44,1199,1200],{"class":46,"line":64},[44,1201,1202],{},"    \u003Cxs:complexType>\n",[44,1204,1205],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,1206,1207],{},"      \u003Cxs:sequence>\n",[44,1209,1210],{"class":46,"line":93},[44,1211,1212],{},"        \u003Cxs:element name=\"name\" type=\"xs:string\"\u002F>\n",[44,1214,1215],{"class":46,"line":106},[44,1216,1217],{},"        \u003Cxs:element name=\"age\" type=\"xs:integer\"\u002F>\n",[44,1219,1220],{"class":46,"line":119},[44,1221,1222],{},"      \u003C\u002Fxs:sequence>\n",[44,1224,1225],{"class":46,"line":140},[44,1226,1227],{},"    \u003C\u002Fxs:complexType>\n",[44,1229,1230],{"class":46,"line":148},[44,1231,1232],{},"  \u003C\u002Fxs:element>\n",[44,1234,1235],{"class":46,"line":161},[44,1236,1237],{},"\u003C\u002Fxs:schema>\n",[10,1239,1241],{"id":1240},"security-considerations","Security Considerations",[29,1243,1245],{"id":1244},"json-security","JSON Security",[389,1247,1248,1254,1264],{},[392,1249,1250,1253],{},[385,1251,1252],{},"JSON Hijacking",": Older browsers were vulnerable to JSON array responses being executable. Modern browsers have mitigated this.",[392,1255,1256,1259,1260,1263],{},[385,1257,1258],{},"Prototype Pollution",": Parsing untrusted JSON can pollute ",[41,1261,1262],{},"Object.prototype"," if not careful.",[392,1265,1266,1269,1270,1273],{},[385,1267,1268],{},"Solution",": Always use ",[41,1271,1272],{},"JSON.parse()"," from a trusted source and validate the schema.",[29,1275,1277],{"id":1276},"xml-security","XML Security",[389,1279,1280,1286,1292],{},[392,1281,1282,1285],{},[385,1283,1284],{},"XML External Entity (XXE)",": Attackers can inject external entities to read local files or cause DoS.",[392,1287,1288,1291],{},[385,1289,1290],{},"Billion Laughs Attack",": Recursive entity expansion causes exponential memory consumption.",[392,1293,1294,1296],{},[385,1295,1268],{},": Disable external entity resolution in your XML parser.",[34,1298,1300],{"className":624,"code":1299,"language":626,"meta":39,"style":39},"# Safe XML parsing in Python\nfrom lxml import etree\nparser = etree.XMLParser(resolve_entities=False, no_network=True)\n",[41,1301,1302,1307,1312],{"__ignoreMap":39},[44,1303,1304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1305,1306],{},"# Safe XML parsing in Python\n",[44,1308,1309],{"class":46,"line":54},[44,1310,1311],{},"from lxml import etree\n",[44,1313,1314],{"class":46,"line":64},[44,1315,1316],{},"parser = etree.XMLParser(resolve_entities=False, no_network=True)\n",[10,1318,1320],{"id":1319},"interoperability","Interoperability",[29,1322,1324],{"id":1323},"converting-between-formats","Converting Between Formats",[15,1326,1327],{},"You may need to convert XML to JSON or vice versa when integrating systems.",[15,1329,1330,1333],{},[385,1331,1332],{},"XML to JSON (JavaScript)",":",[34,1335,1337],{"className":551,"code":1336,"language":553,"meta":39,"style":39},"function xmlToJson(xml) {\n  const result = {};\n  if (xml.nodeType === 1) { \u002F\u002F element\n    if (xml.attributes.length > 0) {\n      result['@attributes'] = {};\n      for (let i = 0; i \u003C xml.attributes.length; i++) {\n        const attribute = xml.attributes[i];\n        result['@attributes'][attribute.nodeName] = attribute.nodeValue;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  \u002F\u002F ... (simplified for brevity)\n  return result;\n}\n",[41,1338,1339,1355,1368,1388,1407,1423,1460,1473,1488,1493,1497,1501,1506,1514],{"__ignoreMap":39},[44,1340,1341,1344,1347,1349,1352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1342,1343],{"class":560},"function",[44,1345,1346],{"class":591}," xmlToJson",[44,1348,729],{"class":50},[44,1350,196],{"class":1351},"s4XuR",[44,1353,1354],{"class":50},") {\n",[44,1356,1357,1360,1363,1365],{"class":46,"line":54},[44,1358,1359],{"class":560},"  const",[44,1361,1362],{"class":57}," result",[44,1364,567],{"class":560},[44,1366,1367],{"class":50}," {};\n",[44,1369,1370,1373,1376,1379,1382,1385],{"class":46,"line":64},[44,1371,1372],{"class":560},"  if",[44,1374,1375],{"class":50}," (xml.nodeType ",[44,1377,1378],{"class":560},"===",[44,1380,1381],{"class":57}," 1",[44,1383,1384],{"class":50},") { ",[44,1386,1387],{"class":598},"\u002F\u002F element\n",[44,1389,1390,1393,1396,1399,1402,1405],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,1391,1392],{"class":560},"    if",[44,1394,1395],{"class":50}," (xml.attributes.",[44,1397,1398],{"class":57},"length",[44,1400,1401],{"class":560}," >",[44,1403,1404],{"class":57}," 0",[44,1406,1354],{"class":50},[44,1408,1409,1412,1415,1418,1421],{"class":46,"line":93},[44,1410,1411],{"class":50},"      result[",[44,1413,1414],{"class":87},"'@attributes'",[44,1416,1417],{"class":50},"] ",[44,1419,1420],{"class":560},"=",[44,1422,1367],{"class":50},[44,1424,1425,1428,1431,1434,1437,1439,1441,1444,1447,1450,1452,1455,1458],{"class":46,"line":106},[44,1426,1427],{"class":560},"      for",[44,1429,1430],{"class":50}," (",[44,1432,1433],{"class":560},"let",[44,1435,1436],{"class":50}," i ",[44,1438,1420],{"class":560},[44,1440,1404],{"class":57},[44,1442,1443],{"class":50},"; i ",[44,1445,1446],{"class":560},"\u003C",[44,1448,1449],{"class":50}," xml.attributes.",[44,1451,1398],{"class":57},[44,1453,1454],{"class":50},"; i",[44,1456,1457],{"class":560},"++",[44,1459,1354],{"class":50},[44,1461,1462,1465,1468,1470],{"class":46,"line":119},[44,1463,1464],{"class":560},"        const",[44,1466,1467],{"class":57}," attribute",[44,1469,567],{"class":560},[44,1471,1472],{"class":50}," xml.attributes[i];\n",[44,1474,1475,1478,1480,1483,1485],{"class":46,"line":140},[44,1476,1477],{"class":50},"        result[",[44,1479,1414],{"class":87},[44,1481,1482],{"class":50},"][attribute.nodeName] ",[44,1484,1420],{"class":560},[44,1486,1487],{"class":50}," attribute.nodeValue;\n",[44,1489,1490],{"class":46,"line":148},[44,1491,1492],{"class":50},"      }\n",[44,1494,1495],{"class":46,"line":161},[44,1496,175],{"class":50},[44,1498,1499],{"class":46,"line":172},[44,1500,181],{"class":50},[44,1502,1503],{"class":46,"line":178},[44,1504,1505],{"class":598},"  \u002F\u002F ... (simplified for brevity)\n",[44,1507,1508,1511],{"class":46,"line":184},[44,1509,1510],{"class":560},"  return",[44,1512,1513],{"class":50}," result;\n",[44,1515,1516],{"class":46,"line":266},[44,1517,187],{"class":50},[15,1519,1520,1333],{},[385,1521,1522],{},"JSON to XML (Python)",[34,1524,1526],{"className":624,"code":1525,"language":626,"meta":39,"style":39},"import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET\nimport json\n\ndef json_to_xml(tag, data):\n    elem = ET.Element(tag)\n    for key, value in data.items():\n        if isinstance(value, dict):\n            elem.append(json_to_xml(key, value))\n        else:\n            child = ET.SubElement(elem, key)\n            child.text = str(value)\n    return elem\n",[41,1527,1528,1532,1536,1542,1547,1552,1557,1562,1567,1572,1577,1582],{"__ignoreMap":39},[44,1529,1530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1531,751],{},[44,1533,1534],{"class":46,"line":54},[44,1535,633],{},[44,1537,1538],{"class":46,"line":64},[44,1539,1541],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1540},true,"\n",[44,1543,1544],{"class":46,"line":79},[44,1545,1546],{},"def json_to_xml(tag, data):\n",[44,1548,1549],{"class":46,"line":93},[44,1550,1551],{},"    elem = ET.Element(tag)\n",[44,1553,1554],{"class":46,"line":106},[44,1555,1556],{},"    for key, value in data.items():\n",[44,1558,1559],{"class":46,"line":119},[44,1560,1561],{},"        if isinstance(value, dict):\n",[44,1563,1564],{"class":46,"line":140},[44,1565,1566],{},"            elem.append(json_to_xml(key, value))\n",[44,1568,1569],{"class":46,"line":148},[44,1570,1571],{},"        else:\n",[44,1573,1574],{"class":46,"line":161},[44,1575,1576],{},"            child = ET.SubElement(elem, key)\n",[44,1578,1579],{"class":46,"line":172},[44,1580,1581],{},"            child.text = str(value)\n",[44,1583,1584],{"class":46,"line":178},[44,1585,1586],{},"    return elem\n",[10,1588,1590],{"id":1589},"summary-how-to-choose","Summary: How to Choose",[281,1592,1593,1603],{},[284,1594,1595],{},[287,1596,1597,1600],{},[290,1598,1599],{},"Scenario",[290,1601,1602],{},"Recommendation",[300,1604,1605,1614,1623,1632,1641,1651,1660,1670],{},[287,1606,1607,1610],{},[305,1608,1609],{},"Public REST API",[305,1611,1612],{},[385,1613,295],{},[287,1615,1616,1619],{},[305,1617,1618],{},"Internal microservices",[305,1620,1621],{},[385,1622,295],{},[287,1624,1625,1628],{},[305,1626,1627],{},"Enterprise SOAP service",[305,1629,1630],{},[385,1631,298],{},[287,1633,1634,1637],{},[305,1635,1636],{},"Document format (Office, SVG)",[305,1638,1639],{},[385,1640,298],{},[287,1642,1643,1646],{},[305,1644,1645],{},"Configuration file",[305,1647,1648,1650],{},[385,1649,295],{}," (or YAML)",[287,1652,1653,1656],{},[305,1654,1655],{},"Browser-based app",[305,1657,1658],{},[385,1659,295],{},[287,1661,1662,1665],{},[305,1663,1664],{},"Bandwidth-constrained IoT",[305,1666,1667,1669],{},[385,1668,295],{}," (or binary formats)",[287,1671,1672,1675],{},[305,1673,1674],{},"Strong validation required",[305,1676,1677,1679],{},[385,1678,298],{}," (XSD)",[10,1681,1683],{"id":1682},"final-verdict","Final Verdict",[15,1685,1686,1687,1690],{},"For most modern web development projects, ",[385,1688,1689],{},"JSON is the clear winner"," due to its simplicity, smaller payload, and native JavaScript support.",[15,1692,1693,1694,1696],{},"Choose ",[385,1695,298],{}," only when:",[389,1698,1699,1702,1705,1708],{},[392,1700,1701],{},"You are working with legacy systems that require it",[392,1703,1704],{},"You need advanced schema validation with XSD",[392,1706,1707],{},"You are building document-centric applications (SVG, Office formats)",[392,1709,1710],{},"Your organization mandates it for compliance reasons",[10,1712,1714],{"id":1713},"related-tools","Related Tools",[389,1716,1717],{},[392,1718,1719,1720,1725],{},"Use our ",[1721,1722,1724],"a",{"href":1723},"\u002Ftools\u002Fjson-formatter","JSON Formatter"," to pretty-print and validate JSON",[1727,1728,1729],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sScJk, html code.shiki .sScJk{--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sJ8bj, html code.shiki .sJ8bj{--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D}html pre.shiki code .s4XuR, html code.shiki .s4XuR{--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}",{"title":39,"searchDepth":54,"depth":54,"links":1731},[1732,1733,1738,1739,1743,1748,1751,1754,1758,1762,1765,1766,1767],{"id":12,"depth":54,"text":13},{"id":23,"depth":54,"text":24,"children":1734},[1735,1736,1737],{"id":31,"depth":64,"text":32},{"id":190,"depth":64,"text":191},{"id":278,"depth":64,"text":279},{"id":380,"depth":54,"text":381},{"id":422,"depth":54,"text":423,"children":1740},[1741,1742],{"id":426,"depth":64,"text":427},{"id":515,"depth":64,"text":516},{"id":540,"depth":54,"text":541,"children":1744},[1745,1746,1747],{"id":544,"depth":64,"text":545},{"id":646,"depth":64,"text":647},{"id":764,"depth":64,"text":765},{"id":827,"depth":54,"text":828,"children":1749},[1750],{"id":874,"depth":64,"text":875},{"id":985,"depth":54,"text":986,"children":1752},[1753],{"id":1028,"depth":64,"text":1029},{"id":1062,"depth":54,"text":1063,"children":1755},[1756,1757],{"id":1066,"depth":64,"text":1067},{"id":1178,"depth":64,"text":1179},{"id":1240,"depth":54,"text":1241,"children":1759},[1760,1761],{"id":1244,"depth":64,"text":1245},{"id":1276,"depth":64,"text":1277},{"id":1319,"depth":54,"text":1320,"children":1763},[1764],{"id":1323,"depth":64,"text":1324},{"id":1589,"depth":54,"text":1590},{"id":1682,"depth":54,"text":1683},{"id":1713,"depth":54,"text":1714},"2026-05-26","Compare JSON and XML data formats: syntax differences, performance, use cases, and how to choose the right one for your project.","md",{"immutable":1540},"\u002Fguides\u002Fjson-vs-xml",{"title":5,"description":1769},"guides\u002Fjson-vs-xml","v_u16KQ7tglKX6EzsaQgx3QRbxlreXCQ2jI02Nb9nrM",1780401324019]